… (spine and musculature, ~14–27%), negligible reductions in … a) T12-S1 lumbar spine and
(b) detailed L4-L5 disc including … ligaments produced net anterior shear forces, especially in …

… The maximum von Mises stress and maximum shear stress … formation of anterior osteophytes
and the reduction in nucleus … Third, the lack of lumbar muscle is a common shortcoming in …

… the changes in compressive and shear forces at the T6/T7, T12/L1, and L4/L5 discs. … in
the shear forces (45 N) at the T6/T7 joint, and quadratus lumborum led to the highest decrease (…

… over the L4–L5 [5, 30]. The L4–L5 disc degeneration is modeled by reducing the disc height
… gross compression and shear forces as well as global/local/total muscle forces (Figs. 2 and …

… Furthermore, the preload of the spinal structures is reduced. … After removal of muscle and fat,
the segments were isolated … bending moments and pure shear forces. Further details on the …

… had to be distinctly reduced in order to approach our measured overall lumbar stiffness values.
Even … First, predictions of shear force components transmitted between vertebrae are very …

… of the L4–L5 fusion surgery on muscle forces and adjacent … contribution of L4–L5 over total
lumbar rotation was reduced from … in local shear forces depend on the alterations in the disc …

… at only a single level (L3–L4, L4–L5, or L5–S1) identified on MRI performed in our department,
… muscle on the ipsilateral side of the LDH showed reduced stiffness values, and reduced …

… to lower back pain among industrial workers, due to reduced … ) shear forces from the others
at the L5/S1 and L4/L5 discs. … for evaluating muscle response activity at the L5/S1 disc. In the …

… reaction and muscle force patterns of the lumbar spine during the … the inability to measure
shear stresses and strains41, which … edges of the L3L4, L4L5, and L5S1 discs. While this study …