Simple Summary Biochemical inhibition of male sex hormone function (androgen signaling),
also known as androgen deprivation therapy (ADT), for human prostate cancer remains a
major treatment strategy almost 80 years after the discovery of androgens as a major factor
in the disease. Drug development has resulted in an increasing potency, whereas the
understanding of the consequences of these new-generation inhibitors in cancer survivors
for increased periods of time, and indeed for their individual cancer cells, has lagged …

Increasingly sophisticated therapies for chemical castration dominate first-line treatments for
locally advanced prostate cancer. However, androgen deprivation therapy (ADT) offers little
prospect of a cure, as resistant tumors emerge rather rapidly, normally within 30 months.
Cells have multiple mechanisms of resistance to even the most sophisticated drug regimes,
and both tumor cell heterogeneity in prostate cancer and the multiple salvage pathways
result in castration-resistant disease related genetically to the original hormone-naive …