The evolution of the Crustacea following their origins in the Cambrian is outlined, with an
overview of their paleontological history and global distributions into modern times. Major …

… The root of the cladogram, and thereby the directionality of character state transformations, …
of our individual, physical specimens into semaphoronts epitomizing more inclusive entities (…

… semaphoronts that reveal through their characters the pattern we interpret as evolutionary
history. … the phylogenetic narrative follows the cladogram like a shadow.” (Brower, 2002:223). …

… as the root for the analyses. The outgroup included a total of nine species from Phasiinae, …
Most parsimonious cladogram resulting from the cladistic analysis with equal weighing …

… of gene expression in each semaphoront Footnote 2 , distribution … I will now explain how
reconstructing evolutionary history … the cladograms that fit best with the molecular evidence itself…

This chapter proposes an historical introduction to vertebrate paleohistology and its literature.
After a review of the main approaches to the scientific study of the skeleton at various …

Corotoca is a strictly Neotropical genus of termitophilous beetles associated with termites of
genus Constrictotermes . A cladistic analysis based on 13 terminal taxa and 60 characters (…

… Detailed research on the morphology revealed that life-history stages of dicyemids, which
were usually seen as comparable semaphoronts of adult orthonectids, only superficially …

… living ones, serve as character bearers (semaphoronts in Hennig’s terminology) of equal
right, and it is solely the characters that serve as evidence for relative degrees of phylogenetic …

… The history of systematics is historically closely connected to philosophers of science and
philosophy. On one hand, they were first and foremost used by systematists as a defense of …