… osteoprotegerin (OPG) which represent the key components of bone metabolism in normal
joint bone… signalling pathway, balancing between bone absorption and bone formation [6]. …

… β-catenin) upregulates osteoprotegerin (OPG), which blocks RANKL-… determine serum levels
of CTX-II, COMP, DKK1,TNF-α, and … of the levels of CTX-II to the sternness of knee cartilage …

… Five bone turnover markers were investigated in this study: Dickkopf-related protein 1 (DKK…
Serum Levels of the Bone Turnover Markers Dickkopf-1, Osteoprotegerin, and TNF-α in Knee …

… The purpose of this study is to determine Dkk‑1 blood levels in individuals with primary knee
… Serum levels of the bone turnover markers dickkopf-1, osteoprotegerin, and TNF-α in knee …

… Dickkopf-1 (DKK-1) has been considered a master regulator … radiographic diagnostic criteria
for knee OA according to the … concentration of DKK-1 and TNF-α (e), IL-6 (f) in the serum of …

… a biomarker for assessing knee OA progression (67). Serum OPG (among other bone
turnover markers) has also been referred to as a valuable biologic marker in predicting knee OA …

… serum OPG was lower in knee OA and negatively correlated with WOMAC. However, stimulated
and unstimulated saliva OPG … bone changes. It has been shown that mice lacking both …

… joint count among women, but not men 25 , and BML and knee effusion 26 . … Dickkopf-1,
a key factor of bone metabolism in normal joint bone, and osteoprotegerin together with TNF-α, …

… to the enhanced bone resorption in cancellous bone caused by … bone resorption but also
inhibits bone formation and bone … However, a study has proposed that the serum level of DKK-…

… And IL-6, TNF-α can be found in macrophages, fibroblasts, … of IL-6 and TNF-α[16], while
TNF-α plays an important role in … with knee OA and their effects on serum IL-6 and TNF-α, to …