… From the predator–prey size ratio, the total length of prey … By considering feed efficiency,
the live feed can also be an … of ammonia (mg/L) in hapa were measured once per week. …

… Nitrite and ammonia compounds are kept below 0.01 mg/L and … -related behaviours, such
as feeding, predator avoidance, social … efficiency will directly interfere with the predator-prey …

… such as a rapidly approaching predator. Some emotions such … of a few minutes’ social contact
with another familiar calf [67]. … very sensitive to the smell of ammonia and choose to avoid it …

… such as predator protection and increased foraging efficiency. In … flexibility of social grouping
and social learning behaviours in … that rapid learning through reinforcement training affects …

… ) and swimming performance. Exposure to elevated nitrate did not alter behavioural avoidance
of … There was no effect of treatment pH or nitrate on ammonia (F1, 388 = 0.13, P = 0.71) or …

… to investigate and optimize the performance of two attached … strategies for the rapid start-up
of attached growth … NO2 - to FNA are affected by the concentration of ammonia and nitrite, as …

… of the tank water such as total ammonia (NH 3 /NH 4 ), nitrite (… main function of shoaling is
predator avoidance and that an … for three weeks causes an alteration of the social interaction. …

… more quickly due to enhanced detection efficiency and information transfer between group
… or anti-predator behaviour (the ‘Predator Refuge Hypothesis’) when separate from a group. …

… fish to remain further away from a fast predator cue (100 µM) … Predator avoidance performance
was analyzed with a mixed … environment, maintain social contact, and evade predators. …

… with limited or no vegetation and predation, large flock sizes and … the performance of the
behaviour. The three components … behaviour can also be caused by negative social interactions, …