… Ground-based traffic of forest machines can adversely affect … , few machine passes can be
allowed on trails steeper than … compaction) in the temperate forests in the mountains of central …

… skidding machines increased with increasing harvest traffic, … this study of logging operations
in a mountain forest in Iran. (a) … in skidding on steep terrain where machine wheels can slip, …

… Soils exposed to direct machine traffic will also experience a reduction in … Soil disturbance
following four wheel rubber skidder logging on the steep trail in the north mountainous forest …

… the traffic of forest tractors with wide tires in five forest soils [49… scenarios related to the type
of soil, type of machinery and … out in forests located in mountainous sites with steep slopes …

… harvest machine traffic, slope gradients, and increased soil … to erosion due to their steep
mountainous conditions, heavy … of soil degradation we recorded on the steep slope trail (cf. …

… affected by soil compaction through heavy machinery. We … to the different pressure
propagation during traffic with heavy … use of skid trails has far more drastic effects in steeper low …

… After forest machine traffic the proportion of porous space … to erosion due to their steep
mountainous conditions, heavy … traffic frequency when skidding took place at a lower soil water …

… of the trails and on the side more loaded by horse traffic and … a steep incline where machine
operation is problematic, horse … of designing skidding trails in mountain forests). Infr. Ekol. …

… where uncovered soil was exposed (less than 1%) to high machine traffic frequency … steep
mountain terrains in South Korea. Alternatively, skid trails provide access to vehicles in forest …

… Forest machinery traffic causes three types of soil … was visible until the 20th machine pass,
with a steep increase after the 25th … [35] state that on skid trails in the Appalachian Mountains, …