Soil is among the most challenging ecosystems for microbiologists in terms of microbial diversity and community size. Prokaryotes are the most abundant organisms in the soil and constitute the largest component of the soil biomass. In their native ecosystem, microorganisms live under different kinds of interactions that decide their survival and functioning. Both positive and negative interactions may operate under natural conditions. While negative interactions are inhibitory for microbial growth and development; positive ones are among the beneficial and sometimes obligatory for the growth of some other microorganisms. Therefore, these soil microbial communities may affect plant growth and development in several ways. They may have a direct or indirect role in plant growth and development through the synthesis of different chemical regulators in the rhizosphere’s proximity. Under direct mechanisms, they help the plants in macro/micronutrient uptake as well as by modulating plant hormone levels. Indirectly microbes may boost plant health by declining the detrimental effects of the biotic as well as abiotic stress. Among them, understanding the microbe-mediated abiotic stress tolerance mechanisms in plants is one of the major challenges in the field of agricultural research. Abiotic stresses like chilling injury, drought, high temperature, heavy metal toxicity, and salinity pose a major constraint to plant growth and crop production under natural field conditions. Because of the global food demand and limited resources, it becomes essential to generate deeper insights into the stress-alleviating mechanisms and the approaches employed by the plants, so that they can be explored for sustainable agricultural plants.