… We intentionally do not create separate groups for surfactants (all surfactants are
amphiphiles, either synthetic or semi-synthetic, and have various functional groups) or terpenes. …

… It comprises phospholipids, surfactants, and a higher amount of ethanol … in transdermal
drug delivery as a permeation enhancer to increase the transport of various drugs across the skin…

… Due to their physicochemical properties and self-assembling behavior, amino acid-based
gemini surfactants can be used as skin permeation enhancers as well as drug delivery …

… of transdermal or topical drug delivery system from the skin. 5. The penetration enhancers
… The anionic and cationic surfactants can cause to damage human skin [40]. Sodium lauryl …

… , 1998, Kiss, 2014) emulsifiers or skin conditioners. The objective of this study was to show
the potential of NIS as non-toxic skin penetration enhancers for transdermal drug delivery. …

… In an in vitro study, a gel with 10% urea increased transdermal caffeine delivery by almost
50%, at a level similar to the permeation-enhancing effect of the surfactant sodium laureth …

… Surfactants are versatile and relatively safe and are, therefore, … permeation enhancement
effects; however, the most active permeation surfactants are also extremely irritant to the skin …

… the drug's pharmacological or other effect to the skin's surface or within the skin is referred
to as topical drug delivery. Topical action may or may not require intracutaneous injections.…

… nanoparticles – suitable for skin penetration enhancement and drug protection, as well as
… , and the oil and surfactant used can act as chemical permeation enhancers. Emulgels can …

… The available permeation enhancers increase transdermal drug absorption by dissolving the
skin lipid or … Although, the permeation enhancement mechanism of surfactant often leads to …