Abstract In May 2019, the International Scientific Association for Probiotics and Prebiotics
(ISAPP) convened a panel of nutritionists, physiologists and microbiologists to review the
definition and scope of synbiotics. The panel updated the definition of a synbiotic to “a
mixture comprising live microorganisms and substrate (s) selectively utilized by host
microorganisms that confers a health benefit on the host”. The panel concluded that defining
synbiotics as simply a mixture of probiotics and prebiotics could suppress the innovation of …

An expert panel was convened in September 2019 by The International Scientific
Association for Probiotics and Prebiotics (ISAPP) to develop a definition for fermented foods
and to describe their role in the human diet. Although these foods have been consumed for
thousands of years, they are receiving increased attention among biologists, nutritionists,
technologists, clinicians and consumers. Despite this interest, inconsistencies related to the
use of the term 'fermented'led the panel to define fermented foods and beverages as “foods …