… Fines have long been used to fund both criminal … and collection efforts. Lawmakers in many
jurisdictions also created an array of surcharges essentially fines on top of fines-used to fund …

… use data relating to the title of the study and then collect and … in narrative form as a collection
of information arranged so … The proceeds from this tax revenue will be used for development…

… have slightly increased their collection of fines and tickets in … , that a complete account of
monetary punishment in the Chicago … We show that municipal finance officials in white and …

… , a city begins to work with an independent collection agency (who receives a percentage of
the fine collected), there is a clear interest for the city to have residents pay their fines earlier. …

… care outside of their home face a markedly segregated set of … disproportionately levy fines
on low-quality nursing homes, … The public financing of nursing home care must also change, …

… of whether application of the Excessive Fines Clause to civil in … The Court has not attempted
to set forth a precise test for … Congress imposed monetary penalties for numerous violations …

… that receive federal Medicaid or Medicare funds must report to the system, which means that
… time-invariant indicator set equal to 1 if a nursing home is At risk of losing a star (and set to 0 …

… This has not been accompanied by commensurate re-allocation of funding and this has …
set out to learn lessons that might inform more effective approaches to working the care homes …

… also used to capture NH characteristics in the prestudy period). Nursing Home Compare is a
publicly reported data set of … Penalties are recorded in Nursing Home Compare as fines and …

… shaping the actions of care workers who are supposed to follow a linear set of activities and
… -run, while the practice of integrating others grants a sense of meaning to all actors involved. …