… Land surface models (LSMs) are the part of climate models … energy fluxes and the
representation of plant water access. … simulate conditions for life on the terrestrial surface of planet …

… We assess an ensemble of simulations, including prescribed … including information about
how to access the code, tutorials … CLM5 land surface input and time series data describe the …

… to simulate the TOA radiance using radiative transfer … Upwelling and downwelling components
of solar and infrared radiation … ( d ε = 0 for flat surfaces). F is a geometrical shape factor …

… Its land surface component was composed of the Interaction Soil-Biosphere-Atmosphere (…
and sfxcm6_e2o E2O simulations, spin-ups start from their twin PGF simulations on 1 January …

… Model (UM) and the Joint UK Land Environment Simulator (JULES) land surface model …
physical atmosphere and land components in the HadGEM3–GC3.1 and UKESM1 climate …

… of urban surfaces, the … , parts of the typical areas were used as experimental areas to derive
the decision tree, which was used to obtain the land-cover information of the entire study area…

… land use types. This study introduces a patch-generating land use simulation (PLUS) model
that integrates a land … use components of k within the following neighborhood.(3) Ω i , k t = …

… Here we describe the model components and changes to the … The impact this had on
ACCESS-ESM1 simulations appears … Previously, the land surface model was built separately and …

… bands 31 and 32 over bare soil surfaces were adjusted. 3) A … 31 and 32 with simulated
brightness temperature differences, … The measured component radiances are mixed according to …

… , we tested several atmospheric model configurations and two land surface models, as well
… model for CMIP6 simulations. This paper provides brief descriptions of all model components …