… ], but we argue that it is unlikely to promote organismal adaptation independently of … (selection),
whereas the other three were discovered by population genetics in the 20th century …

… from standing variation and de novo mutations leave different population genetic signatures
… of proteins can be altered during adaptive evolution. These examples also provide clear …

… of population genetic structure and trait genetic architecture … Adaptive radiation A significant
increase in the diversification … and become fixed near a new fitness optimum when new …

… gradual evolutionary progress through selection and adaptation. However, the narrative of
“… size of the population (N e ). At low N e , it is more likely that TEs are fixed by genetic drift; …

… They combine this empirical result with a population genetic model … adaptation to
heterogeneous environments, are governed by balancing selection, and how this can transition to …

… genetic architecture of adaptive coloration and how even complex adaptations can be controlled
by genes … For example, population genetic analysis of deer mice in the Nebraska Sand …

… When taking the final fixed genotype as the reference genetic background, we observe that,
along the adaptive path, … We define as reference genetic background either the final fixed …

… (ALE)) is a prospective approach to studying adaptive evolution in the laboratory and was …
address fundamental evolutionary questions, such as the rate at which beneficial mutations fix […

… population genetics describes adaptive evolution in terms of allele frequency changes at …
the phenotypic optimum, alleles would have to fix at all relevant loci. In modeling terms, with …

… Here, we systematically characterize the within-host evolution and adaptation of Bacteroides
fragilis, a prevalent commensal in the large intestine of healthy people. We use culture-…