… patterns (Hashikawa et al., 2016; Hogan and Bolhuis, 2009; Lorenz, 1981). In this review, we
divide innate … Below we describe common innate social behaviors seen in vertebrates. We …

… , lining up to argue for either innate differences between people or for everyone starting out
… evidence that such traits have at least some basis in our innate biology. To some, this is a …

… Indeed, innate and learned vocalizations depend on the activity of … innate and learned
vocalizations in songbirds and humans can inform how innate and learned motor patterns coexist …

… of innate and learned elements. This review covers recent advances in our understanding
of central mechanisms for learned and innate … in learned and innate vocalizations, and the …

Escape is one of the most studied animal behaviors, and there is a rich normative theory
that links threat properties to evasive actions and their timing. The behavioral principles of …

… Because our purpose is the study of the causes of innate behaviour, our field is limited in
two respects: first, we have selected a specific object, a special group of phenomena: …

… Izard (1977) argued that the basic emotions are preserved because their biological and …
that basic emotions have innate neural substrates and universal behavioral phenotypes (…

… purposive behaviour', perhaps because it will turn out to be applicable also to the behaviour
… , and again because we will believe some behaviour to be purposeful that does not come …

… This can be done through specialised innate detection pathways or learning processes, and
includes behaviours that facilitate threat assessment, such as freezing. Escape initiation (2): …

… Understanding the mechanisms and programming of innate behavioral patterns and the
motivation underlying behavior is the primary focus of ethologists. Konrad Lorenz, 1939, Lorenz, …