… single vortex (SV) and multi-vortex magnetic domain structures (∼80 to ∼10,000 nm),
although ubiquitous in rocks, were thought to be less reliable magnetic recorders over geological …

… recordings of magnetic fields over geological timescales. … We use a standard micromagnetic
approach in this study. Given a … micromagnetic solution of a crystal in a single-vortex state. …

… vortex state as compared to the uniform state, as depicted in Figures 4c and 4d. This difference
is due to the flux closure in the vortex state … This general approach would allow to write a …

… We present results from micromagnetic simulations of … ME-SE particles, a vortex state aligned
along the major axis persisted … We extend this approach to 12 additional compositions and …

… be preserved in geological materials and are fundamental to … observational data for validating
micromagnetic models, we … their initial SV state as they approach the Curie temperature (…

… With a multilayer finite element approach using the modeling … powders with those from
micromagnetic models, we create … domain states rotating from the unstable hard aligned vortex to …

… ± M s (or slightly below for flowering/vortex states). For a bulk … is in the + M s state and half
in the − M s state. For each of the … point of view, the relevance of these remanent domain states …

… axes—these states are unstable over geological time. More … Transitions between short-
and long-vortex states are color … where domain state relaxation times approach the 40 min …

… states, including a global vortex state, a reverse vortex state … from a randomly magnetized
state (left), and magnified views of two … view of the mode profile (top) and the sliced view of the …

… SV domain states to more complex twisted vortex states (31), … Hitherto a purely
phenomenological approach has been … in iron particles, and micromagnetic calculations such as …