… It is now clear that vitamin D displays a complex multistep metabolism and acts … vitamin D
metabolism, such as novel concepts in enzyme regulation, new pleiotropic effects of vitamin D …

… Vitamin D deficiency has been associated with a wide variety … It is also recognized that
vitamin D deficiency is associated … vitamin D, but has also resulted in innovative vitamin D food …

… Although vitamin D has been reported to have pleiotropic effects including effects on the …
In this article we focus on recent advances in our understanding of the vitamin D endocrine …

… vitamin D metabolism, mechanisms of action, and clinical applications. In particular, I examine
how mutations in vitamin D … links vitamin D metabolism into areas such as metabolism and …

… , which is biologically inactive, needs two-step hydroxylation for activation. All of … for Vitamin
D to show its effect properly. In this section, we will present vitamin D synthesis and its action …

… (vitamin D 2 ) and cholecalciferol (vitamin D 3 ). The main metabolite used to measure vitamin
D serum status is calcidiol [25(OH)D]. … [1α,25(OH) 2 D] performs pleiotropic effects in the …

… vitamin D in 1931, its mode of actions and functions … vitamin D, called D1, D2, D3, D4 and
D5, differing in ultrastructural conformation and origin, with vitamin D2 (ergocalciferol) and D3 (…

… This review focuses on the evolution of vitamin D, its endocrine system and its physiological
actions. We will demonstrate that the pleiotropy of vitamin D signaling has an evolutionary …

… summarizes the pleiotropic effects of vit D, emphasizing its anti-inflammatory effect on … It
also provides a comprehensive overview of the genetic and epigenetic effects of vit D and VDR …

… pleiotropic activity of vitamin D in the form of eight comprehensive reviews. Furthermore,
eight research papers provide new insight into vitamin D research and highlight new directions. …