… initiating freezing in insects at lower super-cooling, where ice grows slower and can be less
… ice surface in a commercial ice machine, and solutes are washed from the ice surface [17]. …

… determined that the TIP4P model of ice can be superheated to … bulk simulated under 3D
periodic boundary conditions. … the surface of ice has properties resembling supercooled water …

… water separation, allowing supercooled droplets to impact … rates above half of the maximum
capacity for three times the … temperature or the refrigerant superheat at the evaporator outlet. …

… ice growth by a surface pinning mechanism. Raymond and deVries 33 proposed that AFPs
bind to the ice surface and pin the advancing ice … pin the ice–water profile via the boundary …

… flash freezing when water is supercooled). The third and last … surface layer and the mechanical
softness of the ice surface. For … the boundary, so the boundary is bridged with cubic ice, …

… profile formed by a high supercooled droplet freezing prior to … droplet is pinned on the surface
after the maximum spread. … maximum spread increases with T s for all the three surfaces. …

… -liquid meniscus pinned at the top edge of the pore. This analysis is similar to that for liquid-…
The strength of ice adhesion was taken to be the maximum shear force at which ambient …

… spherical cap of ice growing on a convex nucleating surface … radius calculated for -25C
supercooling, a roughness radius … remains pinned due to chemical heterogeneities and surface …

… supercooling at which the first engulfment event will occur for an ensemble of randomly
distributed AFP pinning sites on an ice surface. … identify the thermal hysteresis limit as the mean …

… birefractive index of ice with a corresponding α, the position of the maximum ΔN α satisfies α
… dendrites to form, possibly related to increased supercooling from rejection of the PVA and …