… long-term exposure to traffic-related air pollutants in healthy populations. No longitudinal
studies of air pollution … the hypothesis that long-term exposure to air pollutants is associated …

… Accordingly, our goals were (1) to investigate and compare the associations of long-term
exposure to air pollutants with major cardiometabolic risk factors, including overweight or …

… Therefore, the same small increase in long-term exposure to … findings that air pollution
exposure increases severe … and experimental literature linking air pollution to infectious disease. …

… Effects of air pollution exposure averaging time and concentration Studies have shown
that averaging air pollution measures over longer time periods often results in stronger …

… carry the highest risk for disease development due to their longer duration exposure to the
indoor air pollution (8, 9). Due to its … may also induce a variety of cancers in the long term (96). …

… Furthermore, the relationship between a confounder and mortality is typically much stronger
than between a confounder and air pollution exposure, so the use of a single E-value in our …

… long-term smoke-PM 2.5 health assessments (eg, Ford et al., 2018). (14) It is currently uncertain
how intermittent versus continuous exposures … both HAPs and criteria air pollutants (CO, …

… between long-term air pollution exposure and cognitive … air pollution exposure in adults
older than 50 years. The results from these studies indicate that exposure to ambient air pollution …

… the outdoor exposure to air pollution was considered while people spend about 80–90% of
time in indoor environments [54]. As the spatio-temporal variability of air pollutants levels and …

… of exposure to air pollution on physical activity behaviour, (ii) exposure to air pollution while
… on a participant level as a proxy for longer term exposure and lung function. They found …