… that the earliest exchange begins as early as … Afro-Eurasian exchange as something more
than informal and opportunistic. This suggests, problematically, that each culture exchanged …

… We propose classifying the Afro-Arabian region into three discrete biogeographic realms
for endemic amphibians, four for reptiles and birds, and five discrete biogeographic realms for …

… Afro-Arabia has long been unclear. Here we employ dated phylogenies of multiple endemic
Afro-Arabian … extinction in the early Oligocene of Afro-Arabia, with almost two-thirds of peak …

… collected from Eurasian and African faunas between 9 and 3 Ma… Afro-Eurasian mammal
dispersals. Based on these observations, we propose a new climatically driven model for faunal …

… dispersal of African faunas by linking the Arabian and Sinai … ), there is no record of faunal
movement in the Dead Sea arid … that supported African faunal immigrants synchronously with …

… Overall, our study corroborates the importance of the unstable geologic and climatic history
of Afro-Arabia as a key factor to explain the evolutionary history of the fauna in this region. …

… Indeed, the late Paleogene mammal faunas of Africa are … In the early Miocene, however,
the Eurasian and Afro-Arabian … of faunal provincialism across northern Africa/Arabia during …

… Since the domestication of camels in Southern Arabia, sometime between 4000 and 3000
… Desde la domesticación de los camellos en el sur de Arabia, en algún momento entre los …

… the Arabian Desert (Fig. 1; henceforth referred to as the “Afro-Arabian” region) harbours a
unique mix of fauna … Therefore, many of the Afro-Arabian species are endemic and uniquely …

… age) model for Afro-arabia, for a record … by faunal correlation or relevant dating without
disrupting boundaries, creating a stable pan-continental framework that permits patterns of faunal …