… This review provides an overview of the multiple physiological effects of particulate matter
(PM) air pollution, including those on the respiratory cardiovascular, metabolic, endocrine, …

… While air pollution as a whole can include gaseous, solid, and liquid constituents, this article
focuses only on the solid and liquid fractions, termed particulate matter (PM). Although PM …

… We here provide an in-depth review of the health effects of airborne particulate matter on the
… general as well as their damage and dysfunction by airborne particulate matter specifically. …

… effects of underground particulate matter, including in vivo exposure studies, in vitro toxicology
studies, and studies of particulate matter … that underground particulate matter may be …

… PM 2.5 is the main type of particulate matter pollution [7]. Due to its small particle size, PM
2.5 could float in the air for a long time, entering and depositing in the lung when breathing. …

… studies did focus on the adverse effects of air pollution on the … with air pollutants, their
damaging effects on the skin are still … on the effects of airborne particulate matter on human skin. It …

… Significance: Oxidative stress and oxidative damage are central hypothetical mechanisms
for the adverse effects of airborne particulate matter (PM). Activation of inflammatory cells …

… models (Figure 2C); the use of various in vitro models has proven valuable for studying
the molecular and cellular mechanisms behind different physiological effects more deeply. …

… In recent times, it has become clear that is mandatory to use an interdisciplinary approach
to investigate the relationship between particulate matter and biological effects, in order to …

… particulate matter (PM) causes severe health problems in human and significant damage to
the physiological … Hence, it is important to understand the adverse effects of PM in human …