Developments in the understanding of the etiology of cancer have profound implications for
the way the carcinogenicity of chemicals is addressed. This paper proposes a unified theory …

Current regulatory cancer risk assessment principles and practices assume a linear dose-
response relationship—the linear no-threshold (LNT) model—that theoretically estimates …

Experimental observations and theoretical considerations indicate a dose threshold for most
chemically induced noncancer toxic effects below which the increased risk of toxicity is zero …

The shape of the dose-cancer incidence curve observed in an animal bioassay for
carcinogenicity of a chemical is the result of a superposition of various mechanisms …

The correlation between mutagenicity and carcinogenicity has been a major approach in
genetic toxicology. Although the critical importance of changes in DNA in cancer induction is …

In the deliberations over many years on the question of thresholds for the carcinogenicity of
chemicals, the dominant paradigm has been the linear no-threshold (LNT) model, derived …

A mechanistic understanding of carcinogenic genotoxicity is necessary to determine
consequences of chemical exposure on human populations and improve health risk …

There is increasing evidence for non-linear relationships for gene mutations, chromosomal
aberrations and even tumor incidences in response to low doses of genotoxic carcinogens …

Chemicals that induce cancer in an intact organism are called carcinogens. This term does
not differentiate between their various modes of action. In this review, Werner Lutz and Peter …