INTRODUCTION: HIV positive patients co-infected with HTLV-1 may have an increase in
their T CD4+ cell counts, thus rendering this parameter useless as an AIDS-defining event …

Human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV‐1) and human T‐cell lymphotropic virus types 1
and 2 (HTLV‐1 and‐2) are retroviruses that share similar routes of transmission and some …

In this study, the epidemiological and clinical features observed in solely HTLV-II-infected
individuals were compared to those in patients co-infected with HIV-1. A total of 380 subjects …

The incidence of human T cell lymphotropic virus type 1 (HLTV-1)-associated
myelopathy/tropical spastic paraparesis (HAM/TSP) is not well defined in the literature …

After the first description of TSP/HAM in 1985 and the elaboration of WHO's diagnostic
criteria in 1988, the experience of the professionals in this field has increased so that a …

Background. Tropical spastic paraparesis/human T leukemia virus type 1 (HTLV-1)—
associated myelopathy (TSP/HAM) is rarely reported in the United States. The causative …

A type-specific serological survey among 1042 random nonneurological outpatients in two
cities in the state of Ceara (northeastern Brazil) shows a low prevalence of HTLV-I (0.34% in …

To study the epidemiology of HTLV-I-associated myelopathy/tropical spastic paraparesis
(HAM/TSP) in Brazil, we conducted a nationwide survey between March 1994 and April …

ABSTRACT Background: Infection with Human T cell Leukemia Virus type 1 can be
associated with myelopathy/tropical spastic paraparesis (HAM/TSP) and other inflammatory …

Brazil, the largest Latin American country, is highly heterogeneous, both demographically
and socioeconomically. The overall human T-cell lymphotropic virus type I (HTLV-I) …