Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is among the most common rheumatologic diseases, affecting
approximately 1% of the population, with millions of affected subjects worldwide [1]. In such …

Objective. To study the influence of anti-tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) treatment on
echocardiographic measures and concentrations of endothelin 1 (ET-1), interleukin 6 (IL-6) …

Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is responsible for 35–50% of rheumatoid arthritis (RA)
deaths, whereas, in the general UK adult population, coronary heart disease is responsible …

Many cytokines are currently under investigation as potential target to improve cardiac
function and outcome in the setting of acute myocardial infarction (MI) or chronic heart failure …

Tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) blockers are widely used in the treatment of chronic
inflammatory diseases, especially chronic arthritis. Current guidelines advise against the …

The past decade has witnessed a paradigm shift in our understanding of rheumatoid arthritis
(RA). Our view of this chronic disease has shifted from that of an illness characterized largely …

Introduction: Tumour necrosis factor (TNF) blocking therapy is an effective treatment for
chronic inflammatory arthritis. As circulating TNF might induce or exacerbate the …

Background: Interleukin-1 (IL-1) is a pro-inflammatory cytokine that is produced by
endothelial cells, smooth muscle cells, and macrophages. It is an important regulator of a …

Abstract Interleukin-1 (IL-1) is the prototypical pro-inflammatory cytokine. IL-1 was implicated
as a cardiodepressant factor in septic shock, and subsequent pre-clinical and clinical …

DEAR EDITOR, here we describe the long-term effect of IL-1 inhibition in a patient with
inflammatory myocardial disease and severe arrhythmic presentation, refractory to …