Human metabolic profiles for substances such as toxic food-derived compounds are usually
allometrically extrapolated from traditionally determined in vivo rat concentration profiles. To …

The interspecies uncertainty factor, UFAH, of 10 was recently subdivided into two
components to account separately for interspecies differences in toxicokinetics and …

Renal excretion is an important route of elimination for xenobiotics and three processes
determine the renal clearance of a compound [glomerular filtration (about 120 ml/min) …

Background: Due to many substances in the human exposome, there is a dearth of
exposure and toxicity information available to assess potential health risks. Quantification of …

Importance of the field: Adequate permeability is essential for good oral absorption and
proper interpretation of pharmacokinetic and pharmacological data. Permeability-limiting …

Biomarkers of exposure can be measured at lower and lower levels due to advances in
analytical chemistry. Using these sensitive methods, some epidemiology studies report …

Introduction: Drug transporters are now recognized as major actors of pharmacokinetics.
They are also likely implicated in toxicokinetics and toxicology of environmental pollutants …

Introduction: Membrane transporters are important determinants of in vivo drug disposition,
therapeutic efficacy and adverse drug reactions. Many commonly used drugs are organic …

The protection of sensitive individuals within a population dictates that measures other than
central tendencies be employed to estimate risk. The refinement of human health risk …

Characterizing population variability, including identifying susceptible populations and
quantifying their increased susceptibility, is an important aspect of chemical risk assessment …