Divisive normalization is a canonical mechanism that can explain a variety of sensory
phenomena. While normalization models have been used to explain spiking activity in …

Divisive normalization of the neural responses by the activity of the neighboring neurons has
been proposed as a fundamental operation in the nervous system based on its success in …

Cortical responses to repeated presentations of a sensory stimulus are variable. This
variability is sensitive to several stimulus dimensions, suggesting that it may carry useful …

Cross-orientation suppression was measured in human primary visual cortex (V1) to test the
normalization model. Subjects viewed vertical target gratings (of varying contrasts) with or …

Cortical responses to repeated presentations of a stimulus are variable. This variability is
sensitive to experimental manipulations that are also known to engage divisive …

Models of divisive normalization can explain the trial-averaged responses of neurons in
sensory, association, and motor areas under a wide range of conditions, including how …

Normalization, which divisively scales neuronal responses to multiple stimuli, is thought to
underlie many sensory, motor, and cognitive processes. In every study where it has been …

When multiple stimuli appear together in the receptive field of a visual cortical neuron, the
response is typically close to the average of that neuron's response to each individual …

Key points The process of orientation tuning is an important and well‐characterized feature
of neurons in primary visual cortex. The combination of ascending and descending circuits …

Single neurons in areas V1 and V2 of macaque visual cortex respond selectively to
luminance-modulated stimuli. These responses are often influenced by context, for example …