Sheep (Ovis aries) are widely used as large animal models in biomedical research.
However, current literature on the use of analgesics in sheep generally focuses on an …

Simple Summary Sheep may undergo a variety of painful husbandry and disease processes
in their lifetime, which negatively impact their welfare. These procedures can cause …

Simple Summary Increasing societal and customer pressure to provide animals with 'a life
worth living'continues to apply pressure on industry to alleviate pain associated with …

Increasing societal and customer pressure to provide animals with 'a life worth
living'continues to apply pressure on livestock production industries to alleviate pain …

Ketamine is a rapid acting, potent, nonspecific, noncompetitive N‐methyl‐D‐aspartate
(NMDA) receptor antagonist commonly used for inducing general anesthesia and for …

Awareness of pain and its effects is increasing within the veterinary profession, but pain
management in food animals has been neglected. Sheep seldom receive analgesics …

Veterinarians have three decades of experience with the use of α2-agonists. Xylazine,
synthesized in 1962, was the first α2-agonist to be used as a sedative and analgesic, first in …

Outside the realm of nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drug (NSAID) and opioid exist a broad
range of medications that exert an analgesic effect, or otherwise modify and protect against …

The widespread physiological effects of pain in experimental animals are likely to reduce the
validity of data except when pain itself is studied. Appropriately prescribed analgesics will …

There has been a substantial increase in the use of analgesics for pain management in the
last 10 years. Traditionally, veterinarians have not been trained in the identification of or …