Background Metal exposure were assumed to be closely related with declined renal
function, but the conclusions were controversial. We employed diverse statistical models …

Objectives Although environmental exposure to multiple metals is common, epidemiological
studies on the associations of exposure to 23 metals with kidney function have not been …

Metals are widespread pollutants in the environment which have been reported to be
associated with kidney dysfunction in many existing epidemiological studies. However, most …

The association between co-exposure to multiple metals and renal function is poorly
understood. We aimed to evaluate the individual and joint effects of metal exposure on renal …

Background Extensive studies have revealed the link between heavy metals and CKD.
Compared to single meta-elements, mixture of metals reflect real-life metals exposure …

Background Epidemiological studies have reported associations between heavy metals and
renal function. However, longitudinal studies are required to further validate these …

Previous studies have indicated that exposure to a single toxic metal can cause renal
tubular damage, while evidence about the effects of multimetal exposure on renal tubular …

[Background] Metal exposure is suspected to be correlated to kidney function. However, the
combined effects of co-exposing to multiple metals, especially both toxic and protective …

Chronic kidney disease, common in older individuals, causes a considerable disease
burden worldwide. Although heavy metal exposure is associated with renal impairment, the …

In the real world, humans are exposed to multiple metal (loid) s (designated hereafter
metals) that contain essential metals as well as toxic metals. Exposure to the metal mixture …