Morphological responses of nonmammalian herbivores to external ecological drivers have
not been quantified over extended timescales. Herbivorous nonavian dinosaurs are an ideal …

Abstract Background Damselfishes (Perciformes, Pomacentridae) are a major component of
coral reef communities, and the functional diversity of their trophic anatomy is an important …

How did the great transformation from “jawless suckers” to the “predatory monsters” of the
oceans occur, involving the evolution of organized dentitions and jaws? It might be expected …

Jaw mechanics in ornithischian dinosaurs have been widely studied for well over a century.
Most of these studies, however, use only one or few taxa within a given ornithischian clade …

Paleontologists and paleoanthropologists have long debated relationships between cranial
morphology and diet in a broad diversity of organisms. While the presence of larger …

Sauropod dinosaurs were the largest terrestrial vertebrates; yet despite a robust global fossil
record, the paucity of cranial remains complicates attempts to understand their paleobiology …

Comparing patterns of performance and kinematics across behavior, development and
phylogeny is crucial to understand the evolution of complex musculoskeletal systems such …

Like other diapsids, Tyrannosaurus rex has two openings in the temporal skull region. In
addition, like in other dinosaurs, its snout and lower jaw show large cranial fenestrae. In T …

Background Saber-toothed mammals, now all extinct, were cats or" cat-like" forms with
enlarged, blade-like upper canines, proposed as specialists in taking large prey. During the …

Conodonts have been considered the earliest skeletonizing vertebrates and their
mineralized feeding apparatus interpreted as having performed a tooth function. However …