Inhaled long-acting bronchodilators, including long-acting β 2 agonists (LABAs) and long-
acting muscarinic antagonists (LAMAs) are the mainstay therapy in the treatment of chronic …

A majority of existing studies have focused on the efficacy of inhaled long-acting
bronchodilators (ILABs), such as long-acting muscarinic antagonists (LAMAs) and long …

Background The cardiovascular safety of inhaled long-acting β2-agonists (LABAs) in
patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is a controversial problem …

Importance The associations between cardiovascular disease (CVD) and inhaled long-
acting β 2-agonists (LABAs) or long-acting antimuscarinic antagonists (LAMAs) in chronic …

Background: Long-acting muscarinic antagonists (LAMAs) and long-acting β2–agonists
(LABAs) are the mainstay of maintenance therapy for chronic obstructive pulmonary disease …

Long-acting muscarinic antagonist (LAMA) or long-acting β2-agonist (LABA) bronchodilators
and their combination are recommended for the maintenance treatment of chronic …

Objective Long-acting β2-agonists (LABAs) and long-acting muscarinic antagonists (LAMAs)
are burdened by the potential risk of inducing cardiovascular serious adverse events (SAEs) …

Study Objective Inhaled long‐acting bronchodilators are commonly used as maintenance
therapy in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). We compared the risk of …

A combination of long-acting anticholinergic agents (LAACs) and long-acting β 2-adrenergic
receptor agonist (LABA) is effective in improving lung function in chronic obstructive …

Background While inhaled bronchodilators reduce symptoms and acute exacerbations of
chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), their use is associated with increased …