Background: The reliable laboratory tests, co-infection with other tumor viruses, and
determining the genetic types are very important for therapy and monitoring of the clinical …

Introduction: Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection increases the risk of infection
with other pathogens, including hepatitis B virus (HBV) and hepatitis C virus (HCV). A crucial …

Background: HIV/AIDS is a serious global health problem with an adverse impact on human
health and his socioeconomic status in different countries. Objectives: The aim of the present …

Finding the predominant circulating subtype of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-
1) and surveying co-infection with other infectious viruses are crucial to making preventive …

Background/Aims In HIV infected patients, HBV, HDV and HCV co-infections have important
implications for their clinical course and therapeutic management. There is intermediate …

The rate of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV‐1) infection in Iran has increased
dramatically in the last few years. While the earliest cases were found in hemophiliacs …

Background The rate of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) infection in Iran has
increased dramatically in the past few years. While the earliest cases were among …

HIV-1 is the major cause of the worldwide pandemic. Therefore, Determination of the HIV-1
genetic subtypes has been shown to be useful for understanding the origin and global …

Introduction: Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) or acquired immune deficiency syndrome
(AIDS) have major effect on the morbidity and mortality related with hepatitis B (HBV) and C …

Methods: In this descriptive-analytical study, 100 HIV patients were selected. Microscopic
examination (acid fast staining) was applied on sputum specimens and serological (HBsAg …