Tobacco use is a leading global cause of death, accounting for more than 6 million deaths
annually or at least 12 percent of deaths among people age 30 years and older (16 percent …

Despite declines in smoking prevalence in many Western countries, tobacco use continues
to grow in global importance as a leading preventable cause of cardiovascular disease …

Background In general, smoking increases the risk of mortality. However, it is less clear how
the relative risk varies by cause of death. The exact impact of changes in smoking habits …

Objective The purpose of this study was to assess the risk of ischaemic heart disease (IHD)
and stroke (non-fatal and fatal) among adult ever-users of smokeless tobacco (ST). Design …

Aims The aim of this study was to assess the association of smoking cessation and reduction
with risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD). Methods and results A total of 897 975 current …

Aims To compare the burden of cardiovascular disease in terms of lifetime risk and life years
lived with disease between smokers and non-smokers. Methods and results We constructed …

Background—Smoking is a major cause of cardiovascular disease mortality. There is little
information on how it contributes to global and regional cause-specific mortality from …

Objective To use the relation between cigarette consumption and cardiovascular disease to
quantify the risk of coronary heart disease and stroke for light smoking (one to five …

Objectives: To assess the effects of cigarette smoking on the incidence of non-fatal
myocardial infarction, and to compare tar in different types of manufactured cigarettes …

Importance The time course of cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk after smoking cessation is
unclear. Risk calculators consider former smokers to be at risk for only 5 years. Objective To …