Viral particles (VPs) have evolved so as to efficiently enter target cells and to deliver their
genetic material. The current state of knowledge allows us to use VPs in the field of …

Many viral and nonviral systems have been developed to aid delivery of biologically active
molecules into cells. Among these, cell-penetrating peptides (CPPs) have received …

Viral infections are a great threat to human health. Currently, there are no effective vaccines
and antiviral drugs against the majority of viral diseases, suggesting the need to develop …

Vaccination with small antigens, such as proteins, peptides, or nucleic acids, is used to
activate the immune system and trigger the protective immune responses against a …

ABSTRACT Introduction Viral nanoparticles (VNPs) are virus-based nanocarriers that have
been studied extensively and intensively for biomedical applications. However, their clinical …

The utilization of nanoparticles for the intracellular delivery of theranostic agents faces one
substantial limitation. Sequestration in intracellular vesicles prevents them from reaching the …

In the past two decades, different methods have emerged for intervention with gene
expression, which can be generally referred to as gene therapy. Oligonucleotides (ONs) and …

Viral nanoparticles represent potential natural versatile platforms for targeted gene and drug
delivery. Improving the efficiency of gene transfer mediated by viral vectors could not only …

Novel effective drugs or therapeutic vaccines have been already developed to eradicate
viral infections. Some non-viral carriers have been used for effective drug delivery to a target …

Intracellular delivery of promising therapeutic agents as well as nanocarriers presents a
unique challenge. However, with the discovery of the cell-penetrating peptides (CPPs) …