Background Alcohol is the leading cause of liver-related mortality worldwide. The gut–liver
axis is considered a key driver in alcohol-related liver disease. Rifaximin-α improves gut …

Background/Aims: Interleukin-12 (IL-12) may be active against hepatitis B virus (HBV). The
objective of the study was to assess the tolerability, activity, pharmacokinetics, and …

Alcohol-associated liver disease is one of the main causes of chronic liver disease. It
comprises a clinical-histologic spectrum of presentations, from steatosis, steatohepatitis, to …

Alcoholic liver disease (ALD) remains a leading cause of death from liver disease in the
United States for which there is no FDA-approved therapy. Abnormal cytokine metabolism is …

BACKGROUND & AIMS: Alcoholic hepatitis is a cause of major morbidity and mortality that
lacks effective therapies. Both experimental and clinical evidence indicate that the …

Backgrounds/Aims: Interleukin-8 (IL-8), a cytokine produced by a host of cells, including
monocytes macrophages, Kuppfer cells and hepatocytes, can activate neutrophils …

Background: Proinflammatory cytokines play an important role in alcohol‐induced liver
injury. The role of anti‐inflammatory cytokines in the initiation and progression of alcoholic …

Summary Interleukin 6 (IL-6) is a pleiotropic four-helix-bundle cytokine that exerts multiple
functions in the body. In the liver, IL-6 is an important inducer of the acute phase response …

Abstract Interleukin-6 (IL-6), a cytokine mainly produced by activated monocytes, has broad
pleiotropic actions that affect the functions of a variety of lymphoid cells. The roles of IL-6 in …

Chronic hepatitis B virus (HBV) and hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection affect> 500 million
people worldwide and are significant causes of liver cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma …