Objective The presence of deep venous thrombosis (DVT) in a cryptogenic stroke (CS)
patient with a right-to-left shunt (RLS) may lead to the development of paradoxical embolism …

Background Paradoxical embolism has been documented as a mechanism of cryptogenic
embolic stroke. We investigated the frequency of right-to-left shunt in patients with …

Background Proving that right-to-left shunt (RLS) represents the precise causative
mechanism in ischemic stroke patients with RLS is difficult. The aim of this study was to …

Objective To investigate the feasibility of evaluating right-to-left shunt (RLS) by contrast-
enhanced transcranial Doppler (c-TCD). Methods From August 2015 to November 2018 …

Paradoxical embolism by way of left-to-right shunt (LRSh) may be underestimated as a
cause of stroke in young adults. We studied the prevalence of LRSh in 58 patients under 45 …

ABSTRACT BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Paradoxical embolism through extracardiac
right‐to‐left shunts (ECRLS) may represent an under‐detected stroke mechanism. Stroke …

Discussion Positive testing for right-to-left shunt in a particular patient leads to the questions
whether a PBE is really the cause for stroke when concurrent possible etiologies are …

Objective: Right-to-Left shunt (RLS) detection by Transcranial Doppler is useful for diagnosis
of paradoxical embolism. However, we sometimes could not monitor MCA due to insufficient …

Purpose. The increased prevalence of patent foramen ovale in patients with cryptogenic
strokes suggests the occurrence of paradoxical embolism. The identification of deep venous …

Background: Paradoxical embolism via a patent foramen ovale (PFO) has been suggested
as a potential stroke mechanism. Combined CT venography and pulmonary angiography …