Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and human T-lymphotropic virus type I (HTLV-I) are
two retroviruses that attack the immune cells and impair their functions. Both HIV and HTLV-I …

In the literature, a great number of HIV and HTLV-I mono-infection models has been
formulated and analyzed. However, the within-host dynamics of HIV/HTLV-I co-infection has …

In this paper, we formulate a within‐host dynamics model for HIV/HTLV‐I co‐infection under
the influence of cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTLs). The model incorporates silent HIV‐infected …

Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and human T-lymphotropic virus type I (HTLV-I) are
two retroviruses that attack the CD4^+ CD4+ T cells and impair their functions. Both HIV and …

Human T-lymphotropic virus type I (HTLV-I) and human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) are
two famous retroviruses that share similarities in their genomic organization, and differ in …

Human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) and human T-lymphotropic virus type I (HTLV-
I) are two retroviruses which infect the same target, CD 4+ T cells. This type of cell is …

This paper presents two HIV/HTLV co-infection models with antibody immune response. The
first model is given by 5-dimensional ODEs that describe the within–host interactions of five …

In the literature, several mathematical models have been formulated and developed to
describe the within-host dynamics of either human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) or human T …

This paper proposes and analyzes a CTL-mediated HIV infection model. The model
describes the interaction between healthy CD4+ T cells, silent infected cells, active infected …

Infection with human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) or human T-lymphotropic virus
type I (HTLV-I) or both can lead to mortality. CD4+ T cells are the target for both HTLV-I and …