The objective of this review was to summarize the literature on the risk factors, comorbidities,
and consequences of male hypogonadism, which is defined as a syndrome complex that …

Adult‐onset hypogonadism is a syndrome often underdiagnosed, undertreated, or
incompletely explored. There are various reasons for this: firstly, undefined age range of …

Context: Late-onset hypogonadism (LOH) has recently been defined as a syndrome in
middle-aged and elderly men reporting sexual symptoms in the presence of low T. The …

Objective To verify whether hypogonadism represents a risk factor for cardiovascular (CV)
morbidity and mortality and to verify whether testosterone replacement therapy (TRT) …

Male hypogonadism associated with obesity is a very prevalent condition and is increasing
in parallel with the epidemic prevalence of obesity. Low testosterone levels promote higher …

Classic male hypogonadism is associated with known adverse effects including decreased
libido, erectile dysfunction, osteoporosis, and changes in body composition. Recently, we …

Male hypogonadism has a multifactorial etiology that includes genetic conditions, anatomic
abnormalities, infection, tumor, and injury. Defects in the hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal axis …

Background The complex association between metabolic syndrome (MetS) and male
hypogonadism is well established. A number of observational studies show that low …

Androgen deficiency is diagnosed by ascertainment of characteristic signs and symptoms
and consistently low testosterone levels, measured preferably in the morning using a …

Hypogonadism in men has a complex and varied pathogenesis. In addition to multiple
established causes of the disease, low testosterone levels are associated with various …