Human T-lymphotropic virus type I (HTLV-I) provirus load was examined in a cohort of a
population in Guinea-Bissau among whom human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) type 2 is …

Toll-like receptors (TLRs) play a critical role in innate immunity against pathogens. Their
stimulation induces the activation of NF-κB, an important inducer of HIV-1 replication. In …

Important clinical effects of HTLV/HIV co-infection include the higher rates of myelopathy and
other neurological disorders and the poor predicative value of CD4+ cell counts as a …

The human retrovirus human T-lymphotropic virus type 1 (HTLV-1) is associated with two
distinct types of disease: the malignancy known as adult T-cell leukemia and a range of …

HTLV-I and HTLV-II infect T lymphocytes. A high HTLV-I proviral load in peripheral blood
mononuclear cells (PBMCs) has been associated with a higher risk of neurologic disease …

Human T lymphotropic virus type 1 (HTLV-1) is a retrovirus that causes lifelong T-cell
infection in humans, impacting the host immune response. This virus causes a range of …

The municipality of Londrina ranks second in the number of AIDS cases in the state of
Paraná, Brazil, with the Ministry of Health notified of 1070 cases from 1984 to 2002. The aim …

In this issue of theArchives, Gotuzzo et al 1 provide evidence that human immunodeficiency
virus type 1 (HIV-1) and human T-cell lymphotropic virus type I (HTLV-I) coinfection is …

The seroprevalence of HTLV-I/II was evaluated in 1247 Italian individuals at high risk for HIV
infection. The population studied consisted of 985 intravenous drug users (IVDUs), 474 of …

Human T lymphotropic virus type 1 (HTLV-1) causes disabling and fatal diseases, yet there
is no vaccine, no satisfactory treatment, and no means of assessing the risk of disease or …