Anomalies in the cardiac outflow tract (OFT) are among the most frequent congenital heart
defects (CHDs). During embryogenesis, the cardiac OFT is a dynamic structure at the arterial …

The mature outflow tract (OFT) is, in basic terms, a short conduit. It is a simple, although vital,
connection situated between contracting muscular heart chambers and a vast embryonic …

Although de la Cruz and colleagues showed as early as 1977 that the outflow tract was
added after the heart tube formed, the source of these secondarily added cells was not …

Abnormal heart development causes various congenital heart defects. Recent
cardiovascular biology studies have elucidated the morphological mechanisms involved in …

The cardiac outflow tract is the site of anomalies that affect a substantial proportion of
individuals with congenital heart defects. The morphogenesis of this site is complex, and …

The embryonic cardiac outflow tract (OFT) connects the developing ventricles with the aortic
sac. In birds and mammals, OFT cardiomyocytes are generated from a “secondary …

During cardiac looping the heart tube elongates by addition of progenitor cells from adjacent
pharyngeal mesoderm to the arterial and venous poles. This cell population, termed the …

Congenital heart diseases (CHD) result from abnormal morphogenesis of the embryonic
cardiovascular system and usually involve defects in specific structural components of the …

Background: Proper development of the great vessels of the heart and septation of the
cardiac outflow tract requires cardiac neural crest cells. These cells give rise to the …

The vertebrate heart tube forms from epithelial progenitor cells in the early embryo and
subsequently elongates by progressive addition of second heart field (SHF) progenitor cells …