Biological responses to estrogens in normal and malignant tissues are mainly mediated by
the estrogen receptors ERα and ERβ, which function as ligand-activated transcription …

Background The G protein estrogen receptor GPER/GPR30 mediates estrogen action in
breast cancer cells as well as in breast cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs), which are key …

Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) is the most malignant type of breast cancer with ample
vascularisation and high vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) expression. The sex …

Estrogen classically drives lung cancer development via estrogen receptor β (ERβ).
However, fulvestrant, an anti-estrogen-based endocrine therapeutic treatment, shows limited …

Although the action of estrogens has been traditionally explained by the binding to and
transactivation of the nuclear estrogen receptor (ER) α and ERβ, recently the G protein …

Abstract 17β-Estradiol (estrogen), through receptor binding and activation, is required for
mammary gland development. Estrogen stimulates epithelial proliferation in the mammary …

Abstract Early growth response-1 (Egr-1) is an immediate early gene involved in relevant
biological events including the proliferation of diverse types of cell tumors. In a microarray …

Background G-protein-coupled estrogen receptor (GPER/GPR30) was reported to bind 17β-
estradiol (E 2), tamoxifen, and ICI 182,780 (fulvestrant) and promotes activation of epidermal …

Estrogens are important modulators of a broad spectrum of physiological functions in
humans. However, despite their beneficial actions, a number of lines of evidence correlate …

Different cellular receptors mediate the biological effects induced by estrogens. In addition to
the classical nuclear estrogen receptors (ERs)-α and-β, estrogen also signals through the …