Cancer treatment resistance is a caused by presence of various types of cells and
heterogeneity within the tumor. Tumor cell–cell and cell-microenvironment interactions play …

Abstract Tumor-on-chips (ToCs) are useful platforms for studying the physiology of tumors
and evaluating the efficacy and toxicity of anti-cancer drugs. However, the design and …

A tumor microenvironment (TME) is a complex system that comprises various components,
including blood vessels that play a crucial role in supplying nutrients, oxygen, and growth …

Metastatic disease remains one of the primary reasons for cancer‐related deaths, yet the
majority of in vitro cancer models focus on the primary tumor sites. Here, we describe a …

Tumors are complex three-dimensional (3D) tissues that form in a microenvironment
consisting of a heterogeneous mixture of cellular and non-cellular components. Due to the …

The tumor microenvironment (TME) is distinctly heterogeneous and is involved in tumor
growth, metastasis, and drug resistance. Mimicking this diverse microenvironment is …

The cellular, biochemical, and biophysical heterogeneity of the native tumor
microenvironment is not recapitulated by growing immortalized cancer cell lines using …

Tumor-on-chips have become an effective resource in cancer research. However, their
widespread use remains limited due to issues related to their practicality in fabrication and …

A major factor for developing new tumor models is to recreate a proper three-dimensional
environment for 3D tumors culture. In this 3D microenvironment, extracellular matrices play …

Current organ‐on‐a‐chip technologies confront limitations in effectively recapitulating the
intricate in vivo microenvironments and accommodating diverse experimental conditions on …