Cancer represents a serious concern for human life and health. Due to drug resistance and
the easy metastasis of tumors, there is urgent need to develop new cancer treatment …

Tumor vaccines, a type of personalized tumor immunotherapy, have developed rapidly in
recent decades. These vaccines evoke tumor antigen-specific T cells to achieve immune …

Gram-negative bacteria include a number of pathogens that cause disease in humans and
animals. Although antibiotics are still effective in treating a considerable range of infections …

Introduction Bacterial outer membrane vesicles (OMVs) are naturally produced by all Gram-
negative bacteria and, thanks to their plasticity and unique adjuvanticity, are emerging as an …

Abstract Both Gram-Positive and Gram-Negative bacteria can secrete outer membrane
vesicles (OMVs) in their growth and metabolism process. Originally, OMVs were considered …

Bacterial outer membrane vesicles (OMV) have gained attention as a promising new cancer
vaccine platform for efficiently provoking immune responses. However, OMV induce severe …

The therapeutic potential of extracellular vesicles from eukaryotes has gained strong interest
in recent years. However, research into the therapeutic application of their bacterial …

Gram-negative bacteria actively secrete outer membrane vesicles, spherical nano-meter-
sized proteolipids enriched with outer membrane proteins, to the surroundings. Outer …

Bacterial membrane vesicles (BMVs) have emerged as novel and promising platforms for
the development of vaccines and immunotherapeutic strategies against infectious and …

Outer membrane vesicles (OMVs) are produced by Gram-negative bacteria both in vitro and
in vivo. OMVs are nano-sized spherical vehicles formed by lipid bilayer membranes and …