Background. Human T cell lymphotropic virus type 2 (HTLV-2) infection is not rare among
injection drug users with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection and may exert a …

Background Recent data have shown that HTLV-1 is prevalent among HIV positive patients
in Mozambique, although the impact of HTLV-1 infection on HIV disease progression …

Objectives: HIV, hepatitis C virus (HCV), and human T-cell lymphotropic virus type 1 (HTLV-
1) share the same routes of infection, making coinfection by these viruses a frequent finding …

Abstract HIV-1 and HTLV-1 infect CD4+ T lymphocyte but little is known about the impact of
coinfection on patient's immune response. In this study we have evaluated the spontaneous …

Background. Human T lymphotropic virus types 1 (HTLV-1) and 2 (HTLV-2) are frequent
copathogens among individuals infected with human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) …

The human retroviruses HIV-1 and HTLV-1/HTLV-2 share similar routes of transmission but
cause significantly different diseases. In this review we have outlined the immune mediated …

According to the latest Department of Health and Human Services guidelines for the use of
antiretroviral therapy (ART) in HIV-1-infected persons, initiation of ART is recommended for …

HIV, HTLV-1/-2, and HCV share routes of transmission, and such virus co-infections could
account for worse outcomes of associated diseases. Measuring cytokines/chemokines, CD4 …

Human T-cell leukemia/lymphoma virus type 1 (HTLV-1) infection is associated with
myelopathy/tropical spastic paraparesis (HAM/TSP) and adult T cell leukemia/lymphoma …

Reports indicate that there is a dissociation between markers of HIV disease progression
and clinical stage among subjects coinfected with human T-cell lymphotropic virus type I …