HTLV-I and HTLV-II infect T lymphocytes. A high HTLV-I proviral load in peripheral blood
mononuclear cells (PBMCs) has been associated with a higher risk of neurologic disease …

Human T lymphotropic virus type I (HTLV-I) can increase human immunodeficiency virus
(HIV) replication in vitro, and several studies suggest that HTLV-I accelerates the …

Sir—We read with interest the article by Beilke et al.[1] summarizing their findings of an
observational study of a group of HIV-infected patients, some of whom were coinfected with …

We reported two cases of patients with coinfection by human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)
type 1 and human T-cell lymphotropic virus (HTLV) type I who developed opportunistic …

Objectives: To determine the effect of retrovirus infection and co-infection, and intravenous
substance use, on immune function in African-Americans. Design: A cohort of South Florida …

Human T cell lymphotropic virus type 2 (HTLV-2) infection is endemic in the American Indian
population and Pygmy tribes in Africa. Nevertheless, HTLV-2 infection has been …

HIV/human T cell lymphotropic virus (HTLV) coinfection has a large range of prevalence in
the different risk groups and geographic regions of the world. Most of the HTLV-infected …

Objectives To investigate whether T-cell activation and exhaustion is linked to HCV-and HIV
disease parameters in HIV/HCV infected individuals, we studied T-cell characteristics in …

Background HIV infection induces chronic immune activation which is associated with
accelerated disease progression; the causes of this activation, however, are incompletely …

Two distinct families of human retroviruses, the human immunodeficiency viruses (HIVs) and
human T‐lymphotropic viruses (HTLVs), cause significant infections worldwide. The viruses …