During the early 1980s, the first 3 human retroviruses were identified: human T-lymphotropic
virus 1 and 2 (HTLV-1 and HTLV-2) and human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). A person …

HIV, HTLV-1/-2, and HCV share routes of transmission, and such virus co-infections could
account for worse outcomes of associated diseases. Measuring cytokines/chemokines, CD4 …

Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and human T-lymphotropic virus type I (HTLV-I) are
two retroviruses that attack the immune cells and impair their functions. Both HIV and HTLV-I …

Objectives: HIV, hepatitis C virus (HCV), and human T-cell lymphotropic virus type 1 (HTLV-
1) share the same routes of infection, making coinfection by these viruses a frequent finding …

People living with HIV-1 and HTLV-2 concomitantly show slower CD4+ T cell depletion and
AIDS progression, more frequency of the natural control of HIV-1, and lower mortality rates …

Background Recent data have shown that HTLV-1 is prevalent among HIV positive patients
in Mozambique, although the impact of HTLV-1 infection on HIV disease progression …

Background. Human T cell lymphotropic virus type 2 (HTLV-2) infection is not rare among
injection drug users with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection and may exert a …

Human T-cell leukemia/lymphoma virus type 1 (HTLV-1) infection is associated with
myelopathy/tropical spastic paraparesis (HAM/TSP) and adult T cell leukemia/lymphoma …

Human T‐cell lymphotropic virus (HTLV) types I and II were the first discovered human
retroviruses. While HTLV‐I has been clearly associated with disease, the health implications …

Two retroviruses emerged in the 1980s: HTLV-1 and HIV-1 1, 2, 3. HTLV-1 infects 5-10
million people worldwide and is detected in highly endemic areas, such as Japan, sub …