During the 1990s, high prevalences of HIV/human T lymphotropic virus type 1 (HTLV-1) and
HIV/human T lymphotropic virus type 2 (HTLV-2) coinfections were detected in São Paulo …

Background High HTLV-1 proviral load (PVL) is mainly found in infected individuals with
HTLV-1-associated myelopathy/tropical spastic paraparesis (HAM/TSP). However one third …

Objectives To compare the T-cell responses to hepatitis C virus (HCV) and HIV in HIV-
infected long-term non-progressors (LT-NP) and HIV-positive progressors co-infected with …

The primate T-cell lymphoma viruses (PTLV) are divided into six distinct species. The
biology and epidemiology of PTLV-1 and PTLV-2 are very well understood. However, that of …

Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and human T-lymphotropic virus type I (HTLV-I) are
two retroviruses that attack the CD4^+ CD4+ T cells and impair their functions. Both HIV and …

To determine whether human T-lymphotropic virus (HTLV) type II coinfection affects
progression of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV) infection, longitudinal data on …

Abstract Changes in retrovirus acquisition/transmission behaviors have been reported in
Brazil, with a concerning increase in HIV-1-infected individuals aged 15–39 years. In São …

Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and human T-lymphotropic virus type I (HTLV-I) are
two retroviruses that infect the susceptible CD 4+ T cells. It is known that HIV and HTLV-I …

Published and unpublished data on the HTLV-I seroprevalence in 13 European countries
(sample a total of 79.549 persons) was subject to meta-analysis. HTLV-I infection was …

Background: Human T-cell leukemia/lymphoma viruses (HTLV) and HIV share identical
modes of transmission and co-infections may be detected in populations that are highly …