A negative correlation between body size and the latitudinal temperature gradient is well
established for extant terrestrial endotherms but less so in the fossil record. Here we analyze …

Global climate patterns fundamentally shape the distribution of species and ecosystems. For
example, Bergmann's rule predicts that homeothermic animals, including birds and …

Species selection, covariation of species' traits with their net diversification rates, is an
important component of macroevolution. Most studies have relied on indirect evidence for its …

The climatic cooling during the Cenozoic (65 Ma–present) culminated in the Pleistocene Ice
Ages (ca. 2.6 Ma–10 000 BP) during which the global climate oscillated between relatively …

Whether or not climate plays a causal role in mammal body-size evolution is one of the
longest-standing debates in ecology. Bergmann's Rule, the longest-standing …

A reduction in body size has been proposed as the third universal ecological response to
global warming, after species distributional shifts and phenological changes. However …

There is accumulating evidence that macroevolutionary patterns of mammal evolution
during the Cenozoic follow similar trajectories on different continents. This would suggest …

Abrupt perturbations of the global carbon cycle during the early Eocene are associated with
rapid global warming events, which are analogous in many ways to present greenhouse …

Several studies have claimed that reduction in body size comprises a nearly universal
response to global warming; however, doubts about the validity of this pattern for …

Patterns of ecotypic variation constitute some of the few 'rules' known to modern biology.
Here, we examine several well‐known ecogeographical rules, especially those pertaining to …