Developmental changes in target-pest susceptibility to Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) toxins
matter to resistance management in Bt crops, especially in certain refuge modalities. We …

Exposure to Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) toxins in low-and moderate-dose transgenic crops
may induce sublethal effects and increase the rate of Bt resistance evolution, potentially …

We examined the fitness costs of resistance to transgenic Cry1A. 105+ Cry2Ab2 Bacillus
thuringiensis (Bt) maize in the fall armyworm, Spodoptera frugiperda, a globally invasive …

An important step to devise appropriate pest management strategies for armyworms
(Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) in Bacillus thuringiensis Berliner (Bt) crops is to determine the …

The fall armyworm, Spodoptera frugiperda (JE Smith), is a major target pest of Bt crops (eg,
corn, cotton, and soybean) in North and South America. This pest has recently invaded …

For delaying evolution of pest resistance to transgenic corn producing Bacillus thuringiensis
(Bt) toxins, limited data are available to compare the effectiveness of refuges of non-Bt corn …

Fall armyworm (FAW), Spodoptera frugiperda, is one of the most destructive pests of maize
in warm regions of the Americas and a severe invasive species in Africa. Considering the …

The fall armyworm, Spodoptera frugiperda (Smith & Abbot)(Lepidoptera: Noctuidae), is a
polyphagous insect pest affecting multiple crops. Fall armyworm in corn is managed with …

Crops engineered to produce insecticidal toxins derived from the bacterium Bacillus
thuringiensis (Bt) provide an effective management tool for many key insect pests. However …

The behavior of pests targeted by Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) crops has been recognized as
an important factor to define resistance management plans. However, most data do not …