The prevalence of diabetes is steadily rising, and once it occurs, it can cause multiple
complications with a negative impact on the whole organism. Complications of diabetes may …

Abstract Aims Trimethylamine-N-oxide (TMAO) is produced in host liver from trimethylamine
(TMA). TMAO and TMA share common dietary quaternary amine precursors, carnitine and …

Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is a serious disease that endangers human health and is one
of the leading causes of death. Recent studies have reported that gut microbiota plays an …

Atherosclerosis is associated with various pathological manifestations, such as ischemic
heart disease, ischemic stroke, and peripheral arterial disease, remaining the leading public …

Trimethylamine (TMA) is a gut microbiota-derived metabolite which comes from diets rich of
choline, betaine or l-carnitine and could be further converted to Trimethylamine-N-oxide …

Background & aims Several randomized clinical trials (RCTs) have investigated the effect of
l-carnitine supplementation on lipid profile and glycaemic control in adults with …

Ample evidence suggests that gut microbiota-derived products affect the circulatory system
functions. For instance, short chain fatty acids, that are the products of dietary fiber bacterial …

There is increasing appreciation that changes in microbiome composition and function can
promote long-term susceptibility for cardiometabolic risk. Gut microbe-derived metabolites …

Choline is a water-soluble nutrient essential for human life. Gut microbial metabolism of
choline results in the production of trimethylamine (TMA), which upon absorption by the host …

Objective Dietary l-carnitine can be metabolized by intestinal microbiota to trimethylamine,
which is absorbed by the gut and further oxidized to trimethylamine N-oxide (TMAO) in the …