Objective To measure the direct cost burdens (health care expenditure as a percent of total
household expenditure) for households in rural South Africa, and examine the expenditure …

Poor access to health care is one of the greatest impediments to improved health in Africa. In
Zambia, user fees are considered to be partly responsible for substantial disparities in …

Background: Access to appropriate and affordable healthcare is needed to achieve better
health outcomes in Africa. However, access to healthcare remains low, especially among …

This study investigated the costs of illness to households in different socio-economic status
(SES) groups and geographic places of abode in addition to the mechanisms that the …

Despite overwhelming burdens of disease, health care access in most developing countries
is extremely low. As governments work toward achieving universal health coverage …

This paper reports on research undertaken for the Government of Tanzania to investigate
the case for the introduction of user, charges in the health services. A parallel report is being …

Objective To document the patterns of health service utilization and health payments at
public and private facilities across countries. Method We used data from the World Health …

Background The goal of universal health coverage is challenging for chronically under-
resourced health systems. Although household out-of-pocket payments are the most …

Inadequate health financing is one of the major challenges health systems in low-income
countries currently face. Health financing reforms are being implemented with an increasing …

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