Although a good deal is known about the genetics and pathophysiology of Parkinson's
disease (PD), and information is emerging about its cause, there are no pharmacological …

Exercise is thought to improve motor function and emotional well-being in patients with
Parkinson's disease (PD). However, it is not clear if the improvements are due to …

Many studies have investigated exercise therapy in Parkinson's disease (PD) and have
shown benefits in improving motor deficits. However, exercise does not slow down the …

Alleviation of motor impairment by aerobic exercise (AE) in Parkinson's disease (PD)
patients points to activation of neurobiological mechanisms that may be targetable by …

Many clinical studies have reported on the benefits of exercise therapy in patients with
Parkinson's disease (PD). Exercise cannot stop the progression of PD or facilitate the …

The protective impact of exercise on neurodegenerative processes has not been confirmed,
and the mechanisms underlying the benefit of exercise have not been determined in human …

The MitoPark mouse, in which the mitochondrial transcription factor Tfam is selectively
removed in midbrain dopamine (DA) neurons, is a genetic model for Parkinson's disease …

Parkinson's disease (PD) involves progressive loss of nigrostriatal dopamine (DA) neurons
over an extended period of time. Mitochondrial damage may lead to PD, and neurotoxins …

The cardinal pathophysiological finding of Parkinson's disease (PD) is a chronic,
progressive degeneration of dopamine (DA) neurons in the substantia nigra, which is …

Exercise improves motor deficits in Parkinson's disease (PD) patients but the underlying
neuronal mechanism is poorly understood. Since the striatum is critical to motor function, we …