Natural killer (NK) cells mount an immune response against hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection
and can be activated by several cytokines, including interleukin-2 (IL-2), IL-15, and …

Galectin-9 is a pleiotropic immune modulator affecting numerous cell types of innate and
adaptive immunity. Patients with chronic infection with either hepatitis C virus (HCV) or HIV …

Background. Natural killer (NK) cells are an important component of the innate immune
defense against viruses, including hepatitis C virus (HCV). The cell culture system using …

Background & Aims Production of interferon (IFN)-γ by natural killer (NK) cells is attenuated
during chronic infection with hepatitis C virus (HCV). We investigated whether this is due to …

Natural killer (NK) cells are traditionally regarded as first-line effectors of the innate immune
response, but they also have a distinct role in chronic infection. Here, we review the role of …

Background. Natural killer (NK) cells are implicated in the pathogenesis of hepatitis C virus
(HCV) infection and outcome of interferon (IFN)-α based therapy, although mechanisms …

Natural killer (NK) cells play an important role in innate immune response and are essential
in the host's first-line defense against viral infections. A major hallmark of NK cells is their …

Natural killer (NK) cell activation is associated with both liver injury and persistent infection
in chronic hepatitis C (CHC); however, the detailed mechanism of this activation has not yet …

Background & Aims Interferon-γ (IFN-γ), a cytokine produced by activated natural killer cells
(NK) and T lymphocytes, is an important regulator of innate and adaptive immunity during …

Natural killer (NK) cells play a role in the early control and natural course of hepatitis C virus
(HCV) infection. NK cell function is regulated by a multitude of receptors, including activating …